The world was largely shaped by a unipolar system focused on the United States at the end of the 20th century, which marginalized many other countries in international discourse. But rising discontent among states yearning for more agency and representation at the turn of the twenty-first century opened the door for a multipolar world where different countries could help create a more just international order. As former U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon noted, “The world is becoming more interconnected, and people must work together to solve problems.”
As a result of this change, China, India, Russia, and Brazil established BRIC in 2006 to promote the interests of emerging economies. The group was renamed BRICS after South Africa joined in 2010, highlighting its dedication to promoting economic cooperation and expanding the representation of the Global South.
Understanding BRICS and Its Major Players
The BRICS coalition is shaped significantly by its major players. South America’s largest economy, Brazil, promotes sustainable economic and agricultural development. India concentrates on technology-driven prosperity and cooperation in vital areas like health and education, while Russia leverages its abundant energy resources to oppose Western domination and advance multipolarity. Through programs like the Belt and Road Initiative, China has a significant impact on international economic systems. “We have to create a community with a common future for all people,” said Chinese President Xi Jinping.
Ethiopia’s recent admission to BRICS, along with other nations like Egypt, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates, demonstrates the alliance’s increasing importance and its commitment to inclusivity by correcting historical wrongs.
Ethiopia’s Strategic Shift
Ethiopia’s entry into BRICS at the 2024 Kazan Summit marks a critical strategic move. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PhD) emphasized the importance of seeking access to the Red Sea—vital for enhancing diplomatic stature and trade relationships. “Geography is destiny,” remarked former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, underscoring the strategic import of Ethiopia’s location in relation to trade routes. This access symbolizes Ethiopia’s aspirations for increased trade capabilities. Given its strategic importance in global oil transport, Ethiopia’s engagement with BRICS leaders enhances the coalition’s influence in the Horn of Africa and beyond.
With a youthful population, Ethiopia offers innovative perspectives on sustainable development, security, and agriculture—areas that align with BRICS’s focus on food security. As one of the largest coffee producers globally, Ethiopia plays a significant role in agricultural diversification, which is critical for addressing food security—a priority for BRICS.
External Challenges: Relations with Historical Allies
Ethiopia’s decision to join BRICS may stir suspicions among its historical allies, particularly Western nations and major donors, who might view this shift as a departure from established partnerships. The West has traditionally held a dominant influence in the Horn of Africa, providing critical economic and military support. Ethiopia’s pivot could be perceived as aligning with nations often at odds with Western interests, raising questions about the future of those long-standing relationships.
This realignment may generate skepticism among donor countries who worry about Ethiopia’s commitment to democratic governance and human rights—especially given ongoing internal tensions. As Ethiopia seeks to forge new alliances, reactions from traditional allies may range from cautious observation to proactive measures aimed at reestablishing their influence.
Domestic Challenges Amidst Regional Dynamics
While Ethiopia’s shift toward BRICS opens new avenues for cooperation, internal challenges persist. High inflation rates and the scars of prolonged conflict continue to plague the nation. This instability complicates governance and threatens economic recovery. Effective leadership and national reconciliation are essential for managing ethnic tensions in different locations. As Nelson Mandela so eloquently put it, “It always seems impossible until it’s done,” highlighting the significance of willpower in conquering social obstacles.
Addressing these internal challenges while ensuring peace and stability will be pivotal for Ethiopia’s BRICS membership. The nation’s strategic realignment may require nurturing relationships with previous allies while demonstrating its commitment to democratic ideals.
Opportunities and Challenges of BRICS Membership
While joining BRICS presents numerous opportunities, it also introduces significant challenges. High inflation, exacerbated by ongoing conflict, has inflicted profound social and economic tolls, displacing millions and straining resources. Although a peace agreement offers a potential path to resolution, rebuilding trust and stability remains complex.
As Ethiopia approaches future elections, the effectiveness of its leadership takes center stage. Establishing a stable governance framework is essential for fostering an environment that encourages economic growth and international collaboration. Conflicts in various regions further complicate the landscape, necessitating careful management as the election season approaches. The government’s capacity to navigate these issues will influence domestic stability and have profound implications for Ethiopia’s international standing.
Balancing Aspirations with Stability
Ethiopia’s journey within BRICS involves a delicate balancing act. Membership offers pathways to economic growth and enhanced international stature, yet addressing internal strife remains a priority. A cohesive national strategy, particularly in governance and upcoming elections, is crucial for fostering unity.
This new chapter holds immense potential. The success of this endeavor will not only be measured by economic gains but also by the ability to cultivate a peaceful and inclusive society.
Ethiopia’s journey within BRICS raises critical questions: How can the government ensure effective leadership responsive to citizens’ needs during politically charged times? How can the nation transform opportunities into a cohesive strategy that elevates its global status while nurturing the internal stability necessary for sustainable growth?
The answer may lie in balancing ambition with a commitment to fostering cohesion, positioning Ethiopia to emerge as a key player on the world stage.
MohammedawelHagos is a faculty member at Worabe University, Social Anthropology Department.
Contributed by Mohammed awelHagos
