Named after Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, a legendary poet, novelist, dramatist and writer of short stories, the center was established by Emperor Haile Selassie I seven decades ago. Pushkin famously had African ancestry – it is often said he is descended from Ethiopians, though there is no proof.

On that Friday, art enthusiasts were gathered not to enjoy Pushkin’s masterpieces but to see war in the eyes of Russian arts.

The art buffet launched at Pushkin on the day included a photographic exhibition, a Russian movie, and art works that depict the impacts of wars between the west and Russia.

The photographic exhibition showcased the extent of war crimes committed by NATO during the former Yugoslavia conflict and shed light on alleged crimes against humanity in Ukraine. The exhibition aimed to raise awareness about these atrocities by displaying powerful photographs depicting the harrowing consequences of war. The images on the walls vividly portrayed scenes of death, injuries, and widespread displacement, effectively capturing the anguish experienced by numerous individuals. The exhibition also served as a poignant reminder of the personal stories of over a hundred people affected by these tragic events.

Among the attendees were students from the Russian Center for Science and Culture – Pushkin, who were visibly moved by the stories of the individuals depicted on the walls. The students’ expressions revealed a deep sense of sadness as they absorbed the narratives of those affected by war crimes. Their empathetic response demonstrated a genuine emotional connection to the suffering endured by the victims, reflecting their capacity for compassion and understanding.

Throughout the exhibition, the students were observed engaging in quiet conversations with one another. It was evident that they were discussing and reflecting on the profound impact of the photographs they had witnessed. Their somber tones and gestures conveyed a collective sense of empathy and reverence for the victims, indicating a sincere desire to grapple with the magnitude of the atrocities committed during these conflicts.

The students displayed a remarkable level of attentiveness and sensitivity as they moved from one photograph to another. They carefully examined each image, absorbing the details and narratives portrayed within. This attentive approach signaled their willingness to confront the harsh realities of war and their determination to honor the memory of the victims by acknowledging their stories.

The exhibition not only evoked an emotional response from the students but also affected the attending guests. The presence of the Russian Center for Science and Culture – Pushkin students, alongside other guests, created an atmosphere of shared sorrow and reflection. The collective sadness observed among the guests suggested that the exhibition successfully conveyed the gravity of the war crimes and resonated with the wider audience, fostering a collective sense of empathy and a shared commitment to justice and peace.

The exhibition aimed to shed light on the war crimes committed by NATO during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and draw attention to Ukraine’s alleged crimes against humanity.

The event attracted a diverse group of guests, including diplomats, scholars, and individuals passionate about gaining a comprehensive understanding of these significant historical events.

In his compelling opening remarks, Russian Ambassador Evgeny Terekhin emphasized the devastating consequences of NATO’s aggression against Serbia in March 1999.

He accused the alliance of launching a campaign of barbaric air strikes under the pretext of a humanitarian intervention.

The exhibition effectively portrayed the destruction inflicted upon peaceful cities and villages, including critical civilian infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, bridges, passenger transport, and refugee columns. Shockingly, it was revealed that over 2,000 missiles were launched, accompanied by 14,000 bombs and other munitions, including the use of depleted uranium.

Ambassador Terekhin lamented the loss of hundreds of Yugoslav law enforcement officers and more than 2,000 civilians, including 88 children, during the 78-day NATO bombing campaign.

Expressing his disappointment, Ambassador Terekhin highlighted the West’s failure to comprehend the true consequences of their actions. While the West proclaimed to have defended freedom and democracy, the Ambassador argued that their intervention undermined the international-law foundation and the post-war international order embodied in the UN Charter.

He pointed out the lack of attention and accountability from international judicial agencies towards the substantial casualties and destruction caused by NATO’s actions, raising concerns about the selective application of justice.

Shifting focus to Ukraine, Ambassador Terekhin attributed the rise of Ukrainian nationalism and Nazism to external influences throughout history.

He argued that Ukrainian nationalism was fostered by Austria-Hungary and Hitler’s Germany, and subsequently nurtured by the United States and Great Britain.

According to the Ambassador, these external players sought to divide the triune Russian people and cultivate an “anti-Russia” sentiment.

He claimed that remnants of Ukrainian nationalism found refuge in the United States and Canada following World War II, and their descendants played a significant role in the establishment of a new Ukrainian pro-Western state after the dissolution of the USSR.

The Ambassador highlighted the emergence of a new wave of Ukrainian Nazism deeply rooted in modern European nationalist principles.

He argued that Ukraine has become a global hub for neo-Nazism, with the Ukrainian government allegedly adopting Nazi slogans, practices, and glorification of Nazi figures, all under the influence of their Western patrons.

The Ambassador criticized the governments of EU countries for disregarding the threat posed by the resurgence of Nazism and warned against the inherent racism and colonial ideology that accompanies it.

In addition to the exhibition, a book launch took place featuring “Ukraine’s Crimes Against Humanity” by Maxim Grigoriev, Chairman of the Foundation for the Study of Democracy.

This comprehensive book presented over 600 testimonies from victims and eyewitnesses, meticulously documenting alleged war crimes and terrorist acts committed against civilians in Ukraine between 2022 and 2023. It delved into the systematic destruction of fundamental aspects of human life, faith, and dignity, providing a sobering account of the suffering endured by innocent people.

The exhibition showcased various photographs, and a movie that captured the human tragedy and devastation caused by NATO’s actions in Yugoslavia and the alleged crimes in Ukraine.

Visitors were able to explore the exhibition at their own pace, immersing themselves in the historical context and gaining insights into the complex geopolitical dynamics of these conflicts.

Attendees had the opportunity to engage with  diplomats, exchanging viewpoints and perspectives on the topics presented. The interactive sessions aimed to encourage critical thinking and foster a nuanced understanding of the events, urging participants to question prevailing narratives and explore alternative interpretations.

In his closing speech, Ambassador Terekhin underscored the importance of facing the truth and remaining vigilant to prevent the recurrence of similar horrors in the future.

He called upon attendees to confront the criminal ideology and practices of Nazism, stressing the significance of preserving human life, faith, and dignity.

The Ambassador emphasized the need for a collective effort to promote peace, justice, and human rights on a global scale.

The exhibition and book launch provided a crucial platform for critical discourse and reflection, encouraging attendees to question prevailing narratives and seek a more nuanced understanding of the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and Ukraine.

By presenting alternative perspectives, the event aimed to challenge conventional interpretations and foster dialogue towards a comprehensive comprehension of the complex geopolitical issues at hand. It called for a collective commitment to prevent the repetition of such atrocities and to uphold the values of peace, justice, and human rights worldwide.

The exhibition’s comprehensive documentation and testimonies provided a basis for ongoing research and analysis, contributing to a deeper understanding of the historical events and their implications for international law and justice.

The selective application of justice and the lack of accountability highlighted by Ambassador Terekhin sparked discussions about the need for impartial and comprehensive investigations into all parties involved in conflicts.

He noted that the exhibition served as a reminder of the importance of upholding human rights and ensuring that those responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity are held accountable, regardless of their geopolitical affiliations.

The event’s impact extended beyond its duration, stimulating further investigations, diplomatic discussions, and public awareness on the issues raised.

Born and raised in Metu Illubabor, Alamudi pursued a journalism and communications degree from Addis Ababa University. After graduation, he worked as a reporter for FM 97.1 before serving two years as communications lead for Lideta sub-city administration. In 2020, he launched his own media and events company, Milki.

“When we see the youth active in various fields of peacebuilding and charity, we believed their work deserved recognition,” Alamudi said of the inspiration behind the awards.

Originally launched in China in 2016 as a video app called Douyin, TikTok quickly gained a global following under its new name. Today, over 1.6 billion users worldwide make it the most popular social platform, thanks to its short video format that offers a fun, creative outlet. TikTok’s success comes from captivating younger audiences and spotlighting user-generated clips.

“About 70 percent was decided by public votes,” Alamudi noted. “30 percent went to esteemed judges like Sertse Fresenbet who have experience,” ensuring winners were chosen fairly. 

In Ethiopia, TikTok has significantly bolstered job prospects. Alamudi emphasized the transformative nature of the platform saying “For many skilled people, the platform proves very useful. Some TikTokers left jobs to do this full-time, earning income.”

While TikTok delivers benefits, concerns remain over potential downsides without proper guidelines.

Alamudi expresses concern over some content, stating, “There are many creators transmitting bad messages that destroy unity and disturb peace among the people.” He believes the government should monitor content, stating, “Our government may work on oversight soon, but in my opinion, checking all content could help safeguard future generations.”

The Award ceremony, held at the Skylight Hotel, honored a dozen individuals across 12 categories.

Among the winners was Musse Selemon for Best Informative Content.

Reflecting on his TikTok journey, Musse s says he started using TikTok while home alone during corona to gain information. “That’s when my career and influence began.” He added, “Gathering information and discovering new things are my hobbies, so that’s why I focused on the informative category.” 

“Through my TikTok journey, I’ve strived to create informative content that resonates with my audience,” said Musse. “Education and accessibility are at the core of my approach, as I aim to simplify complex ideas without compromising accuracy. My commitment to deep research ensures I provide reliable information, earning the trust and respect of my followers.”

TikTok’s influence extends beyond individual success stories. The platform has significantly shaped popular culture, with viral trends and challenges spreading rapidly worldwide. TikTok has also become an avenue for social and political activism, empowering users to raise awareness on important issues and drive change.

Musse acknowledges this impact. “TikTok has a great influence on society—it can positively or negatively change society. We are trying to create a positive influence.” 

Content creators on TikTok have become influential figures with millions of followers eagerly awaiting their next video. These creators have the power to shape trends, inspire others, and amplify meaningful messages. The Award recognizes their talent and dedication, encouraging continued positive impact.

Musse emphasized the importance of responsible content creation, stating, “We need to have good messages—to educate, entertain, and save society.”

As TikTok’s popularity rises, it faces new challenges and opportunities. Alamudi envisions expanding the Award in the future, incorporating new elements and promoting positive messages. He envisions filling the platform with positive content.

“When we prepare for next year’s event, we plan to include new things, but our aim is to fill the platform with positive messages,” Alamudi said. He explained that the award encourages content creators to continue using their influence for the betterment of society, whether it’s through educating, entertaining, or inspiring their audience.”

However, Alamudi stressed the importance of responsible content governance to balance TikTok’s transformative power with appropriate oversight.

Eager to expand her knowledge, Sosina pursued degrees in Theatre Production and Circus Arts. Her passion for the circus arts led her to pursue a degree in Theatre Production from Swinburne University and another from the National Institute of Circus Arts in Melbourne, Australia.

This fueled her deep-rooted belief in education’s power to illuminate lives. Upon returning to Ethiopia in 2014, she established the Gamo Circus School, providing underprivileged youth top-quality training to nurture their gifts and fulfill their potential.

Reflecting on her own journey, Sosina understands the profound impact of exposure to the wider world. Shemanaged to secure invitations for her students to dazzle in Australia, US, Europe and the Middle East.

“Education is the key to unlocking the potential of young circus artists,” Sosina said. “Through Gamo Circus School, we strive to provide them with the necessary skills and opportunities to flourish in the global circus industry without any fees.”

However, the path to success is not without its challenges. Operating within various youth centers, Gamo Circus School faces obstacles that hinder its growth. While these centers serve as training venues, they lack the essential facilities required for circus-focused activities.

Sosina emphasizes the urgent need for dedicated spaces equipped with showers and private changing rooms, ensuring a conducive learning environment for these aspiring artists.

“We must create suitable training environments for our students, where they can develop their skills and talents without limitations. Access to adequate facilities is crucial for their growth as circus artists,” Sosina explained.

Limited availability of quality circus gear is a major challenge faced by Ethiopian performers. The government classifies such essential tools as luxury items, restricting imports.

Despite this, Sosina has invested personal funds to procure necessary equipment, recognizing its importance in cultivating up-and-coming talent.

“Having access to proper equipment is vital for artistic development. We must address barriers hindering progress and provide what artists require to excel,” asserts Sosina.

She is also establishing Ethiopia’s largest dedicated circus center in Addis Ababa through her company Ethio Circus Management, though importing materials from abroad has proven difficult.

Despite obstacles, Ethiopian circus artists have found international success.

Sosina’s renowned Gamo Circus School, which currently teaches 138 students, has produced stars like Abraham Nibret and Yabsega Tadegen, who gained recognition on the TV show “Little Big Shots,” showcasing Ethiopian performers’ abilities.

To overcome challenges and promote growth, Ethiopia’s circus community is working to gain support through the Ethiopian National Circus Association representing over 6,200 artists nationwide. The Association was formed in 2020.

Lack of government and infrastructural support remains a pressing concern, as does difficulty obtaining visas and passports, which can hamper artists’ global participation and development. With aid, Ethiopia’s growing circus field has potential for further advancement

The Association is striving to elevate the status of circus in Ethiopia, according to the group’s president Teklu Ashagre.

“We require supportive policies, infrastructure development, and streamlined visa and passport processes to help our growing industry thrive,” says Teklu.

Teklu notes the Association is dedicated to shining a light on Ethiopia’s talented circus artists and elevating its status as an art form.

To this end, the Association is engaging with the Ministry of Culture to promote circus’ cultural significance beyond its perception as merely a sport. “We are advocating for dedicated circus centers and the removalof bureaucratic barriers stunting the growth of the industry. Circus is a vibrant art,it is more than a sport. It is deserving of support and recognition,” heexplained.

In a welcome show of commitment, the Ethiopian government’s ten-year development plan includes constructing four circus centers

“The government’s commitment to constructing dedicated circus centers marks a significant milestone in fostering the growth and development of the Ethiopian circus industry. We firmly believe that these centers will serve as vibrant hubs for nurturing talent, fostering creativity, and attracting international attention,” Teklu emphasized.

To preserve Ethiopian circus heritage, the Association has also partnered with Addis Ababa University to document this unique expression. Collaboration aims to incorporate circus into national curriculum to ensure future generations can access their cultural roots, according to Teklu.

The circus industry has made remarkable strides, defying odds and providing a platform for exceptionally talented artists to shine.

Ethiopian circus artists, Teklu says, possess incredible talent.

“They have so much to offer to the world. It is our collective responsibility to provide them with the support and recognition they need to thrive. Together, we can create a vibrant and sustainable circus industry in Ethiopia,” Teklu concluded.

An entertainment industry beleaguered by the aftereffects of a pandemic, political instability, and trademarking issues sees a ray of light as the creative minds behind some of the most striking theater productions in recent years prepare to take their most recent hit abroad following acclaim from local audiences.

BereketBelayneh and GirumZenebe are the men behind popular productions such as Festaleand Agendaye that have received wide acclaim for their poignant political commentary. The duo’s latest offering –Boletika– is another success.

The production offers a refreshing approach in the form of stand-up comedy. Unlike the pair’s previous works, Boletica does not rely on a structured narrative that unfolds from start to finish.

Instead,GirumZenebe’s performances are characterized by a series of humorous anecdotes, witty observations, and comedic routines that keep the audience engaged and entertained throughout the show.

What sets Boletika apart is its consistent and dedicated following. The program is showcased twice a week at a specific venue Alem cinema, drawing a significant number of people who eagerly await each performance.

It is evident that Boletika’s comedic talent and ability to connect with the audience have played a pivotal role in building a loyal fan base.

Girum’s stage presence, charisma, and relatable content create a lively atmosphere that resonates with spectators, prompting them to return for more laughter-filled evenings .The visibility and impact of Boletika have been further enhanced by the consistent attendance and positive word-of-mouth recommendations from satisfied audience members. The regular schedule and exclusive location of the performances have contributed to the comedian’s growing reputation and recognition in the world of one-man theater.

Boletika has successfully established itself as a prominent and sought-after act, known for its unique blend of stand-up comedy and the ability to captivate audiences with its humor and wit.

It is the culmination of a lifelong journey for bothBereket and Girum.

Born and raised in Assela, Berekethas introduced a new dimension to Ethiopian theater with Girum and their dynamic one-man productions. Bereket’s journey as a writer and journalist began before he completed his secondary education at AselaChelalo School.

Reflecting on his childhood in Assela, Bereket fondly describes growing up in a happy family with three brothers. It was during his high-school years that he began experimenting with writing poetry and short stories with his friends.

However, it was not untilBereket began pursuing a degree in psychology at Jimma University that he began to realize his true calling lay elsewhere. The Jimma Art Center helped his passion for literature take flight and, following graduation, Bereket joined the state-run Fana Broadcasting as a journalist before delving into the world of literature.

It was then that he penned his famous book of poetry, “Spirit Height,” in Amharic, a decade ago.

“A lot of my initial creative ventures happened during my time at Jimma University. The Art Centre was instrumental in shaping my artistic sensibilities and encouraging our literary endeavors,” shared Bereket.

In 2013, while attending the monthly Poetic Jazz Night held at Addis Ababa’s Ras Hotel, Bereket had a life-changing encounter. GirumZenebe’s mesmerizing performance of AwgechewTerefe’s short story book, “Eyasmezegebku New,” left a profound impact on him.

“Girum’s portrayal of the character was so captivating that I felt a strong connection with the audience’s reaction. I knew we had stumbled upon something special,” Bereket reminisced.

Inspired by Girum’s performance, Bereket approached him with an idea to develop the character further and create a monthly series based on it. Initially, Bereket had contemplated writing about AwgechewTerefe’s character, but he felt it didn’t align with the core ideas he wanted to convey.

This led to the birth of a new character, “EyayuFenges,” who could address the pressing issues prevalent in Ethiopian society, government, economy, and politics.

Elaborating on the creation process, Girum underscored the significance of the character’s name.

“We wanted a name that encapsulated the negative aspects of society and brought attention to the challenges we face.’Fenges‘ perfectly embodies this idea,” he said.

The first live performance of EyayuFenges took place on July 4, 2013, during another rendition of the Poetic Jazz Night at Ras Hotel. Although the performance lasted just twenty minutes, it received an overwhelmingly positive response from the audience.

“Seeing the audience’s reaction to EyayuFenges was truly gratifying. It was evident that people connected with the character and the issues we were addressing,” Bereketsaid.

The success of their initial performance fueled the duo’s motivation, and they continued to develop EyayuFenges over the next twenty months, captivating audiences at the Poetic Jazz Night.

In 2018, Bereket and Girum turned EyayuFenges into a full-fledged theater production. Their first play, titled “Festalen,” ran for an impressive two and a half hours and was performed at Adot Cinema and Alem Cinema four times a week.

“Festalen was a turning point in our journey. The audience response was exceptional, and we were performing to sold-out shows four times a week for ten months,” Girumsaid.

Following their success in Ethiopia, Bereket and Girum embarked on a tour of the United States, showcasing their unique theater production in over twenty-seven states for eleven months.

“Our American tour exposed EyayuFenges to a wide range of audiences. It was heartening to witness the positive impact our character had on people from different cultures,” Bereket shared.

Agendaye, their following theater production, was intended to be a continuation of the first play Festalen.

However, the progress of Agendaye was abruptly halted due to the challenging circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and the outbreak of war. The combination of these factors led to the declaration of a state of emergency, forcing the play to come to a temporary halt.

Reflecting on the situation, Bereket expressed his disappointment, stating, “It was disheartening to witness the interruption of Agendaye due to the prevailing circumstances. We had put significant effort and dedication into the production, and the sudden pause was a setback for us.” 

While the theater industry has faced challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability, Bereket believes in the transformative power of politics and its impact on society.

“Politics is the foundation of any country. It shapes the course of a nation and affects all aspects of our lives. Through our theater productions, we aim to shed light on these issues and spark conversations,” Bereket emphasized.

Despite the current low audience turnout in film and other media, Bereket and Girum’s theater productions consistently sell out.

“We have witnessed a decline in audience numbers for other forms of entertainment, but our theater productions continue to thrive. It is a testament to the impact and relevance of our work,” Girum pointed out.

While their productions have received praise and adoration from audiences, both Bereket and Girum acknowledge the challenges facing the Ethiopian art industry as a whole. Copyright infringement has become a prevalent issue, with artists falling victim to the theft of their ideas.

“Protecting intellectual property is crucial for the growth of the Ethiopian art industry. We need stronger copyright laws and awareness among artists to prevent unauthorized use of our work,” Bereket highlighted.

As partners in this creative venture, Bereket and Girum share their income equally, driven by their mutual respect and admiration for each other’s talents.

“I believe Girum deserves a higher income, given his exceptional contributions. However, we have always believed in equality and have chosen to split our income equally,” Bereket affirmed.

Looking towards the future, Bereket and Girum have ambitious plans to tour their new one-man theater production Boletika in foreign countries, including Europe, Australia, South Africa, and America. The demand for their shows abroad is already high, and they are excited to bring their unique production to new audiences.

The duo also aims to expand their presence in television programs and digital media platforms, exploring new avenues to reach a wider audience.

Bereket and Girum express their gratitude to their dedicated fans for their unwavering support.

“We are immensely grateful to our fans for their constant encouragement. We promise to continue delivering thought-provoking and engaging theater productions that resonate with our audiences,” Girum said.

The sunny afternoon of Saturday, November 18, 2023, infused Addis Ababa University’s Sidist Kilo campus with an air of unprecedented excitement. After more than a year of enforced closure, the Addis Ababa University Cultural Center, formerly known as the Creative Art Center, flung open its doors, welcoming art aficionados back into its hallowed halls.

Distinguished guests, numbering over 150, gathered to witness the Center’s long-awaited grand opening ceremony. Among them were renowned artists such as Abebe Balcha, Alemayehu Tadesse, Bedilu Waqjira (PhD) and Mikias Tamire, along with esteemed arts lecturers, officials, and art students, all eager to be part of this moment.

With its impressive seating capacity of 250, the center boasts an array of facilities, including cinema halls, theaters, and art-night stage studios.

This rebirth of the Cultural Center breathed new life into a space that has witnessed the birth of remarkable talents, leaving an indelible imprint on the rich tapestry of Ethiopian art. Within the walls of the Center, literary giants have been nurtured, their creative prowess shaping the nation’s literary landscape.

Esteemed writers like Sebhat Gebregzabher, Haymanot Alemu, Debebe Eshetu, Abate Mekuria, and Tsegaye Gebremedhen have emerged from the center’s hallowed halls, producing works that resonate deeply with the human experience.

“The center has served as a breeding ground for exceptional literary talents, providing guidance and mentorship to writers who have gone on to become the literary giants we admire today,” expressed Tesfaye Eshetu (Ass. Prof.), emphasizing the pivotal role played by the Cultural Center in shaping Ethiopia’s artistic legacy.

Boasting a storied history that spans half a century, the AAU Cultural Center stands as one of the university’s oldest institutions and the country’s enduring artistic hub. Its impact on Ethiopia’s creative landscape cannot be overstated.

The Center has long been a sanctuary for diverse art forms, offering a platform for captivating theatrical performances, engaging philosophical discussions, and a vibrant exchange of ideas. It has served as a catalyst for artistic exploration, enriching Ethiopia’s cultural fabric.

“The center has provided artists with a safe haven to experiment, collaborate, and push the boundaries of their creativity, resulting in mesmerizing theatrical productions that captivate audiences,” shared Tesfaye.

He says the philosophical dialogues held within these walls have nurtured intellectual growth, fostering an environment where ideas flourish, shaping the artistic and cultural discourse of Ethiopia.

As the backbone of Ethiopia’s thriving art industry, the Center holds a vital position.

Esteemed pioneers in the field, such as Alemayhu Tadesse and Manyazewal Endashaw, laud the Center’s profound influence on the development of artistic talent and the creation of theatrical masterpieces.

Alemayhu, a trailblazer in Ethiopian art and a former student of the Addis Ababa University Cultural Center in the 1980s, emphasizes the pivotal role played by the Center. He underscores the significance of reopening the art programs as a crucial step in cultivating a talented pool of individuals who can contribute to the growth and success of the art industry.

The current Manager of the National Theatre and a former student at Addis Ababa University in the 1970s, Manyazewal, recognizes the profound connection between the Cultural Center and the National Theatre.

He acknowledges the numerous talented individuals who have emerged from the Cultural Center and found their way to the National Theatre. He notes that the Center has served as a fertile ground for the creation of captivating theatrical scripts that have enriched the repertoire of the Theatrical Art College and the National Theatre.

Alemayhu emphasizes the undeniable interdependence between the Addis Ababa University Cultural Center and the National Theatre.

“The Center provides a pathway for aspiring individuals to showcase their skills at the National Theatre. Many talented individuals have successfully transitioned from the Center to the National Theatre, bringing their creativity and passion to the forefront of Ethiopia’s theatrical scene,” said Manyazewal.

Both Alemayhu and Manyazewal agree that the Center stands as a catalyst for the growth and development of Ethiopia’s art industry. By reopening its art programs, the center continues its legacy of fostering talent and nurturing the next generation of artists, ensuring a vibrant and prosperous future for Ethiopia’s art industry.

In recent years, the Center has faced operational challenges, with intermittent closures since the imperial regime. However, the duration of the recent closure has been particularly prolonged, with the Center remaining non-operational for at least the past year.

Moving forward, the cinema halls at the center will be open three days a week exclusively for students and university staff: Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.

On Wednesdays, the Center will open its doors to art enthusiasts from outside the university, allowing the residents of Addis Ababa to partake in the artistic offerings. The art events will be open and free for all.

Alongside cinemas and theaters, art nights brimming with poetry and captivating performances will be on the menu, promising an immersive artistic experience for attendees.

For far too long, the Center has remained shuttered, held hostage by the relentless grip of political pressures and fiscal limitations. A hotbed for student demonstrations whenever the nation is engulfed in political fervor, the Center has become a dreaded gathering place in the eyes of authorities, who fear the potential consequences of student convergence, even for artistic pursuits, according to university officials that talked to The Reporter.

They says that whenever the government desires the Center’s closure, it conveniently wields its power to slash the Center’s budget, effectively snuffing out its vitality.

Tesfaye voiced the struggles faced by the institution stating: “The Center has faced budgetary constraints, which has severely impacted its resources and hampered the realization of ambitious artistic endeavors.”

“Limitations on freedom of speech have at times stifled creative expression, but the resilience of the artists and their unwavering dedication to their craft have kept the spirit of the center alive,” he said.

This political pressure has not only hindered the Center’s operations but has also formed an insurmountable barrier preventing teachers and students from rallying the necessary resources to keep the artistic sanctuary alive.

Tesfaye’s recollections of his time as a university student are a testament to the challenges faced. “The art shows have been subjected to an erratic on-and-off cycle for various reasons. Security concerns were cited as the primary issue, with authorities claiming that frequent student gatherings would disturb the peace, thereby complicating the organization of art programs,” he says.

The perpetual political turmoil of those times, Tesfaye says,“Presented formidable obstacles for the art community. I vividly recall my fellow students and I attempting to amass a collection of books, including 200 poems, 10 works of fiction, and several literary articles. However, the prevailing political climate rendered such endeavors immensely difficult.”

Nevertheless, a ray of hope now infiltrates the gloom that has enveloped the AAU Cultural Center.

It has recently been granted autonomy, making it the first independent university in Ethiopia during the current fiscal year.

Under the stewardship of president Samuel Kefle (PhD), a former participant in the Center’s programs, a renewed sense of purpose and determination has emerged to tackle it’s long-standing weaknesses.

Ambitious plans are already in motion to surmount these challenges, paving the way for a radiant future for the Addis Ababa University Cultural Center.

Enthusiastic art students, accomplished artists, and lecturers at AAU are convinced that the newfound autonomy, which liberates the university from political intervention, will serve as a catalyst for the flourishing of Ethiopian art.

“With the promised improvements and renewed focus on empowering emerging talents, the Center is poised to reach new heights and contribute further to Ethiopian art and culture,” effused Tesfaye, imbued with hope for what lies ahead.

Up until recently, Amron’s kindergarten curriculum included six subjects – Math (with instruction in both Amharic and English), English, Environmental Science, and Physical Education.

Parents like Seble appreciated the wide range of subjects, hoping the lessons would help shape a solid foundation for their children’s future academic careers. However, the system has undergone a drastic change beginning this school year as the Ministry of Education implements a new KG curriculum.

Under the new approach, all six KG subject courses are compressed into a single general subject. Officials at the Ministry say they want to see the curriculum open up time and space for play-based learning using child-friendly educational tools and toys, but the changes have not gone down well with parents.

Seble worries that this consolidation may limit students’ exposure to diverse subjects and hinder their ability to develop a well-rounded knowledge base.

“The suddenness and lack of consultation in implementing these changes are shocking,” she said.

The Ministry introduced the comprehensive “General Education Student Assessment and Classroom Transfer” directives in 2023. The policy has a focus on delineating the process of student progression, as well as assessment practices between the pre-primary and 12th grade levels.

The directives apply to all schools, both public and private, with the exception of international and foreign community schools.

The directives introduce curriculum-aligned assessments for pre-primary education – covering two years of kindergarten and first-grade but omitting nursery education. The policies also cover primary, middle, and secondary school, with education officials recommending that students are aged at least four when they start school.

The directive applies nationwide, covering students from pre-primary to 12th grade. It institutes a systematic approach, determining student progression based on evaluations of knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes. Examinations, either in the final course or year-end, are conducted by educational institutions at each level.

Officials refer to the new kindergarten approach as “Chebt”, which translates roughly to ‘theme’ in Amharic and introduces six primary teaching styles, emphasizing self expression as a novel learning method.

“Chebt” centers around child care, communication skills, language usage, applying math in daily activities, environmental interaction, and skill development through games. However, the inclusion of the sixth theme, promoting self-expression, though not a formal subject, has sparked discontent among schools and parents. This change integrates all six themes into a general lesson, deviating from the previous subject-oriented representation.

Seble urges the Education Ministry to engage in dialogue with concerned parents to clarify and justify the changes, as well as address their worries. Seble especially opposes the discontinuation of English classes in the early stages of education, highlighting its crucial role in future academic success.

She is not alone.

Abebe Gezaw has enrolled his son, Yared, to U.S. Academy Kindergarten in the Bulbula neighborhood of Bole Sub-city. Abebe is perplexed by the decision to consolidate the kindergarten curriculum, arguing it will hamper the development of essential skills and knowledge.

He also criticizes the removal of English from the curriculum, arguing that a strong command of the language is vital for future educational and career prospects.

“Omitting English will impede their language development and curtail their potential,” said Adam.

He called on the Ministry of Education to review the policy.

The changes have also drawn criticism from educators and the Private Schools Association. Families, education professionals, and the government are in disagreement about how minds should be shaped at early stages of childhood. The Private Schools Association, principals, parents, and educators have all voiced concerns about the Ministry’s overhaul, although officials say they target enhancing early childhood education.

There is also unease over the adoption of foreign teaching systems with inadequate expertise or preparation adaptation, with fears of potential negative impacts on student learning. The reliance on international conditions for financial assistance raises questions about the autonomy of Ethiopia’s education system.

Despite a stable political backdrop, the consistent turnover in the Ministry of Education’s leadership is often pointed out as a detriment to the education system. This volatility has contributed to a lack of continuity in educational policies.

Seifemichael Tesfaye, the principal of the academy attended by Abebe’s son, has voiced apprehensions regarding the alterations in the kindergarten education system.

He expresses concerns about the “foreign” nature of the new approach, as well as doubts about its effectiveness.

“Some of the Ministry’s changes are commendable, but I find the new kindergarten policy and other decisions shocking,” he told The Reporter.

Abera Tasew, president of the Ethiopian Private Schools Association and proprietor of Magic Carpet School, echoes the concerns.

Abera argues that parents send their children to kindergarten to receive an education, not merely to engage in play. He, too, sees that not enough has been done to provide parents with a comprehensive understanding of the new approach.

“We are confused as to what it truly means,” he said.

The lack of clarity and communication from the authorities has left parents uncertain about the direction of their children’s education.

“It is worth noting that many schools are hesitant to accept the new policy, and hopeful that there will be some modifications or reconsideration of the current approach,” said Abera. “As educators, there is a fear that the Ministry of Education may impose the policy forcefully or revoke licenses for schools that do not comply.”

The changes are part of an overarching “education roadmap” the administration has been pursuing since 2018. The education policy, based on models from Malaysia and Vietnam, will be in place until 2030.

Notably, the policy omits English lessons from pre-primary education, replacing them with a matching game format. The changes are mandatory, and the administrators of schools that have implemented the new policy say it is “ineffective”.

“The exclusion of English from the curriculum is concerning as English is a language of opportunity. This decision may restrict our students’ prospects for success in the future, impede their language development, and undermine their ability to compete globally,” an anonymous school administrator told The Reporter.

Alternatively, some families are choosing to enroll their children in schools that have not yet adopted the new curriculum.

Amidst the prevailing uncertainty, particularly within private education, the Ministry’s directive instructs all schools to continue their teaching and learning activities in accordance with the guidelines provided.

Regional and sub-city bureaus have been entrusted with ensuring the proper implementation of these directives.

There were 2.6 million pupils aged seven (the standard age of progression to primary school from pre-primary) in 2020, according to data from the Ministry of Education. A little over one million of these students reside in the Oromia region, followed by the Amhara and Southern regions at half a million pupils each.

A January 2023 University News Report notes that Ethiopian schools accommodate approximately 30 million children and youths, with roughly one million enrolled in tertiary education.

In a heart-pounding quest fraught with danger and uncertainty, the brave truck drivers of the Ethio-Djibouti route embark on a perilous passage that pushes them to the edge. With every Kilometer they traverse along treacherous roads, they risk it all in their unwavering pursuit to reach the port of Djibouti. Battling through mud, enduring exhausting journeys, and facing a myriad of hardships, these truckers navigate a precarious path where the stakes are high, risking it all to transport vital goods and keep the wheels of commerce turning.

Damene Teshome, a 50-year old veteran truck driver, has firsthand knowledge of the challenges faced by a landlocked country. However, it’s not just Ethiopia that suffers as a landlocked country. Ethiopian truck drivers, according to drivers, associations, and Ethiopian officials, are risking everything, including their lives, every time they travel to Djibouti, due to the uncertainties and insecurities they face.

For over two decades, Damene has made the treacherous trip between Djibouti’s port and Addis Ababa, braving uncertainties and risks to his safety with every trip.

The risks are severe, as Damene explains, “Many of our fellow drivers have lost their lives on the Ethio-Djibouti route due to the absence of law. Some of our friends were killed after being asked for a large sum of money by Djiboutians for minor work. Kidnappings of drivers are also common on the Ethiopian side. Five to seven of my driving friends were killed in Wolenchti.”

One of the sources of these problems, according to the drivers, is the lack of traffic rules in Djibouti.

“There are no international traffic signs on the roads, but the Gender Meri, a group of informal Djiboutian youth, take advantage of this and stop us, demanding payment claiming that we were speeding. Djiboutians ask Ethiopian drivers for money without any legal basis. If we fail to pay, they do whatever they want to us,” says Damene.

He believes Ethiopia’s dependency on ports leaves drivers vulnerable to extortion. Poor infrastructure only compounds the challenges.

The problem¸ Damene notes, has persisted since Ethiopia shifted its international route from the Eritrean port to Djibouti, which now handles over 96 percent of Ethiopia’s import-export shipments.

Mekonen Sheberu, a 24-year-old driver, shares Damene’s experience. He believes it is the drivers who bear the brunt of Ethiopia’s fate as a landlocked country.

“The accumulated stress takes a toll on our health, as we also face abuse. Ethiopian human rights groups and the government itself have completely failed to advocate for exploited workers, upon whom the nation depends, Mekonen said.

“This sector is plagued by labor exploitation, yet representatives have achieved minimal progress,” he explained.

The mistreatment and exploitation of Ethiopian truck drivers continue to plague their journeys to and from Djibouti. Upon arrival at Djibouti ports, the loading process itself is rife with “illegal practices and resembles slavery,” according to the drivers and officials of the drivers’ association.

Basic needs are denied, and drivers are extorted, sometimes paying “5,000 to 8,000 birr for something as simple as using a restroom.” Any individual in Djibouti can stop Ethiopian drivers and demand money, creating a situation where drivers are held hostage have had to escape, according to the drivers and their association. The “Gender Meri,” exert a negative influence on the drivers’ experiences.

The challenges faced by Ethiopian drivers in Djibouti extend beyond the loading-unloading  process, says drivers and association officials The Reporter talked to. The Djiboutian authorities’ customs procedures are hectic, and officials handle Ethiopian drivers in an inhumane manner. Services are priced exaggeratedly for minor tasks, and paperwork can be delayed for days. Loading and unloading charges are unnecessarily high, adding to the burdens faced by Ethiopian drivers, they said.

Despite the vital role Ethiopian truck drivers’ play in facilitating trade between Ethiopia and Djibouti, their experiences are filled with immense challenges and hardships.

Alemayhu Abebe, the manager of the Ethiopian Liquid Cargo Owners Association, expresses deep concern about the worsening problems.

“The problems didn’t start today; they happen every time. Now the problems are very severe, and it is extremely dangerous to go there,” Alemayhu says.

 As soon as the drivers enter Djibouti’s border, the Manager says, drivers face numerous problems. “Their human rights are not protected, and if a driver makes any mistakes, the process does not follow the rule of law. Individuals in Djibouti impose punishments on drivers as they see fit, without any legal recognition or due process in a court of law,” he said.

“It is challenging to measure the abuse of the traffic police,” added Alemayhu, shedding light on the mistreatment and lack of protection for drivers’ basic human rights upon entering Djibouti.

The relationship between Ethiopia and Djibouti was intended to address the needs of both countries and find mutually agreeable solutions. Alemayhu highlights the stark difference in treatment between Djiboutian drivers in Ethiopia and Ethiopian drivers in Djibouti

“When Djiboutian drivers come to Ethiopia, nobody will touch them or ask them anything. However, when Ethiopian drivers go there, they are treated inhumanely and subjected to abuse. Failure to address these issues properly also damages diplomatic relations,” Alemayhu emphasized, adding, this requires proper attention from the Djibouti embassy and the Ethiopian foreign ministry.

Alemayhu recounts a recent incident where a driver was falsely accused of stealing fuel, resulting in his unlawful detention for nearly 20 days without tangible proof or a judicial decision. Such actions, according to him, not only violate individual rights but also pose significant risks to the benefits of both countries.

He says governments must establish clear rules and protect their citizens from such injustices. Alemayhu believes that bilateral agreements should have been in place to safeguard Ethiopian drivers, but currently, there are no documented rights or obligations between the two countries.

Solomon Zewdu, the manager of the Ethiopian Heavy Truck Drivers Association, echoed these concerns, stating that all drivers in the sector face harassment. Additionally, the poor road infrastructure in Djibouti poses dangers, with roads often being dangerously damaged and leading to truck overturns and closures. This situation leaves drivers stranded without necessary assistance, creating further

opportunities for abuse by hostile actors who exploit the drivers by demanding large sums of money.

The Ethiopian Heavy Truck Drivers Association represents over 15,000 truck drivers, making it crucial to address their concerns and improve their working conditions

Solomon highlights specific concerns regarding the road from Afar to Djibouti port, stating that 80 kilometers of it consists of nothing more than a treacherous “mud road.” Currently, trucks require up to 12 hours to reach the port, whereas a suitable road would usually facilitate the journey in just two hours. Despite Ethiopia’s repeated appeals for improvements, the government of Djibouti has refused, leaving drivers in a state of helplessness.

Consequently, many trucks permanently break down along the hazardous route, compelling drivers to bear the financial burden of repairs themselves.

Managers and senior logistics operators attribute the challenges faced by Ethiopian drivers and logistics companies in Djibouti to the Ethiopian government’s inaction.

“Officials at the Ministry of Transport, Customs Commission, Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Enterprise, and other authorities have maintained a deafening silence. They should have exerted pressure on their Djiboutian counterparts to put an end to such abuses,” expressed a senior logistics expert and manager of a logistics firm, who requested anonymity.

The expert argues that given Ethiopia’s substantial financial contributions for using the Djibouti port, it is only logical for Ethiopia to assume management responsibilities rather than leaving it in the hands of Djibouti.

“The bureaucratic processes, working hours, and procedures in Ethiopia and Djibouti differ significantly. Djiboutians expect us to conform to their work culture, but the onus should be on them to adapt, as Ethiopia is the primary user of the Djibouti port. If Ethiopia were to cease using it, who else would step in? Ethiopia must negotiate a new port usage contract agreement with Djibouti,” the expert asserted.

Recent developments indicate that Alemu Sime (PhD), the newly appointed Minister of Transport and Logistics, possesses a deeper understanding of the severity of the situation compared to his predecessors.

In an effort to address the concerns, he embarked on a trip to Djibouti last week, where he engaged in discussions with Ethiopian drivers, Ethiopia’s ambassador to Djibouti, and Djiboutian authorities. Alemu conducted a meeting with over 200 drivers based in Djibouti, aiming to gain first-hand insight into their challenges.

“The Minister deliberated on the ongoing issues with the 200 selected drivers, assuring them that he is committed to resolving the problems. He also mentioned his intention to communicate with the Djiboutian ambassador,” shared a representative of the drivers.

Nevertheless, Solomon remains skeptical of the extent to which the issue will be truly understood and addressed. “Despite the positive diplomatic relations between Djibouti and Ethiopia, the plight of Ethiopian drivers has persisted throughout the tenures of various Ethiopian officials. These problems have endured for the past three decades, and rather than improving, they have only worsened,” Solomon remarked.

He emphasized that a viable solution can only be achieved if the Ethiopian government exerts pressure on its Djiboutian counterpart to establish a binding bilateral agreement. Such an agreement should stipulate the mandatory management of the port and synchronize Djibouti’s working system with Ethiopia’s logistics operations.

“The rights and obligations of drivers should be explicitly stated in the guidelines. The safety and security of Ethiopian drivers and their cargo must be prioritized. The Ethiopian and Djiboutian governments must take responsibility for the problems we are facing. As the situation stands, it is unclear who will take responsibility for protecting citizens,” stressed Solomon.

He further revealed that the Association is currently preparing to formally engage with Ethiopian transport authorities, the federal police, and the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in a concerted effort to resolve the predicaments encountered by Ethiopian drivers and logistics operators in Djibouti.

A few months ago, Bouho Said, an official at the Djiboutian embassy in Addis Ababa, addressed the issue in a letter sent to The Reporter.

Said stated, “In the event of specific problem, the Djiboutian authorities always hasten to solve it, in collaboration with the Ethiopian authorities.” However, the official also pointed out that no formal complaints have been officially lodged by Ethiopian drivers or operators.

Andinet Gebrekidan, a 34-year-old teacher at Misrak Goh School in Addis Ababa’s Kazanchis area, has taught high school and preparatory students for nearly 10 years. For him, the essence of teaching lies in motivation and high standards – without which, delivering quality education is difficult.

However, Andinet’s dedication to teaching is now threatened as he faces growing frustration about his career prospects. “Students are also reluctant to learn unless the teacher is passionate about the subject,” he said.

The major challenge for teachers like Andinet and many others is the widening gap between earnings and costs of living.  With teacher salaries stagnant for years combined with Ethiopia’s limited incentive programs, finances have become a stress point.

Meanwhile, inflation has raised the price of essentials while shortages make supplies hard to find – leaving instructors struggling just to get by rather than focus on improving their skills.

Andinet earns a 9,000 birr gross monthly salary. But costs in Addis, especially housing and commodities, consume most of what he makes, he says.

“The reality is, no matter our efforts, potential for financial gains remains constrained. Like many colleagues, I now face serious economic hurdles. Rising prices paired with meager rewards for our work have diminished motivation for many educators,” Andinet noted.

With teaching often associated with financial constraints that limit career progress, frustration over compensation has affected morale among teachers and, in turn, students.

Andinet’s struggle reflects larger issues facing Ethiopia’s teaching corps. Multiple instructors who have dedicated their careers to the profession voiced similar frustrations with compensation and benefits and are considering other paths.

Stakeholders argue that prioritizing teachers’ effectiveness and contributions through support is critical, given their role in developing the next generation. As Ethiopia undergoes political and educational reforms, many argue that supporting teachers is paramount to ensure quality education. 

Over the years, the government has taken steps to boost teacher welfare and nation-wide education standards.

The General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity (GEQIP-E) launched in phases focused on learning enhancement at various levels.

Initiated in 2008, phase one centered on resources like textbooks while phase two, initiated in 2013, targeted quality uplift through educator development. In 2019, phase three of the program was introduced, centered on marginalized groups’ learning and equity promotion.

However, challenges remain that require additional efforts to resolve fully. Administrative measures like pay bumps, housing assistance and benefits have aimed to better working circumstances.

To address housing needs, residential projects were initiated by the government and salary adjustment policies implemented. Various policies to raise salaries with the goal of attracting and keeping talented instructors in the education system, have been formulated.

Teachers Association president Yohanes Benti noted the body has advocated for teacher interests for over 50 decades, starting with housing demands.

“It’s important to note benefit issues differ from curriculum changes. Even when curricula change, benefit questions remain relevant. While the administration began addressing these issues following demands, challenges still persist,” Yohanes says.

The Association has worked toward solutions for two decades but the government has only housed 110,000 educators to date despite the late Prime Minister Melese Zenawi initially receiving their requests.

In 2016, the Addis Ababa City Administration Education Bureau granted approximately 5,000 teacher’s condominium houses in the capital. There are over 700,000 teachers under the Association’s umbrella, with even more unaffiliated educators.

Despite efforts, gaps remain.

Henok Assefa, a grade 12 teacher at Bole Secondary School since 2007, said the City Admin provides a 3,000 birr housing allowance, which is far below current market rates. Henok also expressed frustration over the threshold of 16 years teaching experience to receive a home, leaving many unhoused.

“Despite efforts to provide housing, allocated homes don’t match the numbers needed,” Henok told The Reporter.

The long-standing issue of salary increments also arises.

Ethiopia established a promotion ladder system in 1987 allowing pay boosts based on performance and education level. Salary hikes occurred in 2004, 2008 and 2011 but demands continue due to rising costs.

The government acknowledges the importance of incentives alongside educational reforms. But Yohanes says, “It is always useful to see incentives combined with changes in government practices.”

While various measures addressed Ethiopian education and policies, its problems are deep-rooted and multifaceted according to Birhanu Nega (PhD), Minister of Education. To effectively tackle underlying causes, he stressed the need for a robust plan to overhaul current poor incentive packages for teachers.

Insufficient financial support and unaddressed demands could negatively influence student achievement and expectations. For instance, the 2023 Grade 12 national exam results elicited mixed analysis and discussion, regarding the sector as a whole. While some linked poorer outcomes to educators, others highlighted resource shortfalls, unmet institutional benchmarks, instability, and instructor competency as contributory factors as well.

Birhanu underscored in an exclusive ETV interview the need to evaluate the education system and teacher performance using varied lenses based on public feedback. He proposed supplemental financial support alongside skills building as a potentially impactful approach for optimizing teacher work.

The Minister stated that “recognizing and rewarding exemplary works with extra incentives could be a substantial lift to morale” while allowing for more manageable expense coverage in supplementing base salaries.

Experts note upgrading nationwide quality education is challenging without proper teacher remuneration, particularly as the administration transitions its strategic focus from access to standards.

With Ambassador Kang Seokhee, the distinguished envoy of South Korea to Ethiopia, gracing the occasion, the event exuded an air of sophistication and elegance.

The aim of this gathering was to honor and reward the rising stars of Ethiopian dance and music who have embraced the mesmerizing allure of Korean pop, popularly known as K-pop.

The gifted vocalists and dancers who stole the spotlight with their breathtaking performances left the audience in awe. Their flawless execution of South Korean songs and meticulously choreographed K-pop routines showcased an unrivaled level of talent and stage presence that captivated all in attendance.

Year after year, the South Korean embassy organizes this prestigious event, providing a platform for Ethiopian artists who have wholeheartedly embraced the vibrant world of K-pop. The winners of the national competition earn the opportunity to compete on the African stage, with the ultimate dream of making it to the global arena and collaborating with the illustrious figures of the South Korean K-pop industry.

One of the standout performances of the evening came from the dynamic dance duo, Adot, who claimed a well-deserved second place in the competition.

Esubalew Gashaw and Surafel Zewge, the talented members of Adot, impressed the audience with their electrifying moves and seamless coordination.

Esubalew Gashaw, a 21-year-old hailing from Addis Ababa, took a bold step towards a full-time career in dance, temporarily putting his college education at Royal College on hold.

Reflecting on his journey, he say his passion for dance ignited at a young age, enthusiastically participating in local events.

“It was in ninth grade that my love for dancing truly blossomed. Surafel, my fellow crew member, came from Debre Birhan to reside in my neighborhood, Bethel, with his sister. Surafel had already begun dancing in Debre Birhan, and when he expressed his desire to dance with me, I gladly accepted,” Esubalew says.

Surafel Zewge, also 21 years old and raised in Debre Birhan, echoed Esubalew’s sentiments.

“We were introduced to the mesmerizing world of K-pop music and videos by our friend Kaleb Behaylu, an avid K-pop enthusiast. We developed a fondness for the genre, compelling us to embark on rigorous training at the youth center.”

Their journey begun at the Bethel youth center, where they joined other dance groups, honing their skills over six arduous years. Today, they stand not only as accomplished performers but also as dedicated instructors, generously imparting their knowledge and expertise to aspiring dancers. Prior to venturing into K-pop dance, Adot primarily focused on the intricacies of hip-hop.

The opportunity to participate in the South Korean K-pop competition presented itself through a friend of theirs, an ardent K-pop aficionado. They were informed about the competition, prompting them to seize the chance and register at the embassy.

In 2022, they made their competition debut, securing an impressive third-place position and earning the privilege to perform at the illustrious 60th anniversary of the Ethio-Korea Friendship at the Hilton Hotel.

During their captivating performance, they had the rare honor of meeting Ha Oksun director of the Ethio-Korea Warrior Association, who extended an invitation for Adot to impart dance lessons to the children of warrior families.

Reminiscing about this unique experience, Esubalew said: “Our performance afforded us the opportunity to meet the Director, who graciously invited us to teach dance to the children of warrior families. Since then, we have been teaching them every Sunday.”

Despite initial expectations for academic excellence, Esubalew and Surafel clung to their unwavering passion for dance, forging ahead with unyielding determination. Their spectacular second-place finish on September 6, is a testament to their indomitable spirit.

Although they narrowly missed subsequent competition opportunities, Esubalew and Surafel remain resolute in their pursuit.

Esubalew firmly stated, “We will persevere until we emerge victorious and proudly represent our country on the global stage.”

In a vibrant city, the allure of K-Pop transcends a niche fascination, as dedicated establishments catering to this musical and fashion movement sprout across the urban landscape.

Haile Tesfaye, an enterprising individual, embarked on his K-Pop journey six years ago when he opened a captivating boutique at Bole Robel Plaza.

His vision was clear: to curate a diverse selection of Korean pop-style accessories, encompassing trendy garments, bags, bracelets, necklaces, and shoes. As time passed, Tesfaye observed that his clientele possessed not only a deep understanding but also an unwavering admiration for the multifaceted tapestry of Korean pop culture.

“Some are truly devoted, frequently visiting my shop,” Haile said, emphasizing the growing K-Pop culture.

“It is fascinating to witness how the Korean pop culture industry has gained worldwide recognition, with its influence now reaching Ethiopia. Its popularity, especially among teenagers, is evident as they enthusiastically follow K-Pop celebrities and strive to imitate their every move.”

Haile’s serendipitous encounter with a modest collection of K-Pop accessories during a visit through Asia, particularly Korea, served as a watershed moment.

“To my surprise, people showed great interest and urged me to bring more. That’s when I realized the potential for a thriving business. As the craze for Korean pop culture continues to spread, particularly among the youth in Ethiopia, my shop has become a hub for K-Pop enthusiasts,” he said.

Haile says that it is remarkable to witness how teenagers wholeheartedly immerse themselves in this vibrant cultural phenomenon, avidly consuming the performances and lifestyles of K-Pop luminaries. His establishment serves as a conduit, providing these eager devotees with coveted accessories that further ignite their fervor for all things K-Pop.

Going further, Esubalew and Surafel’s harbor ambitious plans to establish a pioneering K-Pop school called Dreamers, aimed at nurturing and promoting K-pop culture throughout Ethiopia.

“With the overwhelming interest expressed by numerous individuals, we are inspired to establish Dreamers, a K-pop-exclusive training center that will serve as a beacon for aspiring talents,” Surafel explained.

While dance schools have gained popularity, others argues protecting indigenous dance traditions should be the priority.

Melaku Belay, 47-year-old owner of Fendika Culture Center and experienced Ethiopian dancer, believes “opening these types of schools should not take precedence at this time.” 

Melaku stresses that Ethiopia’s unique dance heritage “forms an integral part of our national identity.”

While appreciating other cultures is important, he says: “we must not let our own culture fade into history.” Instead of diluting Ethiopian influences, embracing modernity could help “showcase our traditions to the world.”

The richness of Ethiopian cultural dance should be cherished and nurtured, allowing it to thrive and evolve organically, Melaku says.

“Rather than solely focusing on adopting other countries’ dance styles, we should explore innovative ways to celebrate and promote our own cultural heritage. By doing so, we can ensure that future generations will continue to embrace and appreciate the beauty and significance of Ethiopian dance,” he explained.

Just five short years ago, Emebet’s lifeline was the government’s Safety Net assistance program, which provided her around 2,000 birr monthly. But like all good things, it eventually came to an end. Due to rules limiting support to three years maximum, she lost this crucial income stream.

Now, Emebet’s days are packed with back-to-back shifts. Each day finds her hustling between two different homes, taking on the grueling but indispensable work of a housemaid. Her reward? A meager 1,000 birr from each employer – hardly enough given accelerating costs.

Her husband Yacob Legesse previously earned 3,500 birr as a guard but has since changed roles to work in a factory warehouse for a slightly higher wage of 4,500 birr monthly.

“Back then, we could buy 50 kilos of teff for just 2,500 birr, which easily sustained us for the entire month,” Emebet recalled. “Today, even with our combined incomes, we struggle to afford half that amount. We’ve had to reduce our teff consumption drastically to only 20 kilograms now.”

Emebet says meat has become a luxury they can no longer afford, even on holidays.

“We’ve stopped asking our relatives for support as well. We are detached from social life. I send my children to public school where lunch is covered, but my younger son attends private kindergarten so he needs food every few hours, costing me 1,400 birr per month,” Emebet said.

With costs rising by the day, simply working their regular jobs is no longer enough for Emebet and Yacob to stay afloat. “Life is very difficult now – we survive only by God’s grace,” Emebet laments.

Desperate times call for desperate measures, so on weekends the couple are pursuing any side work they can find. Emebet bakes injera to sell while Yacob searches for other jobs. “I’m even looking for a third job. I can do up to four jobs. Anything to earn more,” she says.

Public servant Sewnet Gebrenigus is likewise feeling inflation’s squeeze. The 51-year-old mother of two has worked over a decade at the Ministry of Agriculture, as an animal laboratory technologist, but her 6,000 birr monthly salary simply does not cut it anymore.

Between renting a home for 7,000 birr and school fees adding 4,000 birr more, expenses have more than doubled in five years despite her pay remaining stagnant.

“I have no choice but to take on extra work nights and weekends on top of my government duties to support my family,” Sewnet explained.

With basic items like oil and flour becoming increasingly unaffordable, she says she does not use this subsidized goods from consumer associations since it is inaccessible to renters like herself.

“Without a home, I have no access to the shops,” Sewnet says. And while lower-income public workers receive additional aid, her 6,000 birr salary falls above the threshold for support.

“Whether you earn 3,000 or 10,000 birr today, it all amounts to the same in this inflated market,” she says, adding, “The money has no value in the market.”

Sewnet says that poverty is also taking a psychological toll. “The only reason we’re not mentally broken is our preoccupation with larger national issues.”

Willing to take on multiple jobs, Sewnet’s challenge is a lack of available part-time work. “We live from day to day solely by God’s grace, not because of any support from the economy,” she asserts.

In fact, Sewnet believes the high cost of living is “man-made” due to conflicts disrupting production and supply chains. Even abundant regional harvests fail to reach consumers in Addis Ababa due to insecurity.

Not even Habtom Hagos’s income in construction can escape inflation’s grip. As the sole provider for his family of four, the 35-year-old well understands the daily struggle.

Earning 20,000 birr monthly, Habtom pays school fees of 3,500 birr as well as monthly installments toward eventual condominium home ownership. But registration costs alone came to a shocking 7,000 birr, he said.

“Food prices are maddening – onions, teff, oil, everything rises daily while our pay stays the same,” he said. A quintal of teff that was 4,000 birr five years ago is now nearly quadruple at 16,000 birr. Staples like tomatoes have multiplied fivefold in cost since then too.

To cope, Habtom has tightened the family’s belt significantly. “We have adopted the 5/11 scheme now and skip breakfast and combine lunch and dinner into one early meal,” he sighed.

Just five years prior, when earning up to 40,000 birr, 10,000 birr comfortably covered monthly expenses and regular breakfast were affordable, according to Habtom.

Further compounding matters, Habtom says the currently sluggish construction sector pays less due to budget shortfalls. “Projects are also awarded based on ethnicity rather than merit these days,” he adds, frustrated that economic and social issues alike are squeezing his livelihood at every turn.

Habtom’s circumstances have become truly dire. “Now I’ll do any job, even sell grass, just to get by,” he laments. Daily comforts are long gone: “We never eat out or stop for tea with friends anymore and meat is reserved only for major holidays

Even putting his child in public school was denied due to new transfer rules.

“The inflation came after conflict disrupted our ability to work elsewhere. Now we’re eating into savings while having nothing left to save,” he says. With social life destroyed and wife forced to quit school, Habtom sees no alternative but to leave Addis behind.

“Selling everything is our only option and live with relatives,” he says, adding, “We can no longer survive the inflation.”

For countless others, inflation may soon overwhelm their city lives completely.

Despite government claims that inflation stands at a severe 30 percent, independent researchers like Atnafu Gebremeskel (PhD), assert the situation is even more dire – with actual rates surpassing 70 percent.

In a session with Parliament this week, President Sahlework Zewde acknowledged the public’s hardships. She touted new measures aimed at assisting the most vulnerable, such as hundreds of subsidized bread shops and free meal programs now serving thousands. 

However, not all are convinced these efforts scratch the surface of what’s needed.

 Degiye Goshu (PhD) of the Ethiopian Economics Association believes the administration is not responding to the threat duly.

“We have said everything we should say regarding inflation. But the government is not taking action. This is not the right time to speak about the policy options the government should take to help people cope with inflation. During this time of instability in the country, the government has no ear to hear about inflation. The government is busy with other heavy national issues. So there would be no solution even if we spoke about inflation. It is not timely,” said Degiye.

As inflation continues to ravage the nation, the government faces serious limitations in supporting vulnerable communities, according to the Economist.

“The government is not in a position to take policy measures to support low income populations to cope with inflation. The private sector has also been affected since the political transition in the country,” he said.

If the country was under normal circumstances, Degiye says “policy adjustments are a must the moment inflation hits double digits. But currently, the capacity of both private and public employers is devastated by several constraints. Hence, the welfare of employees is depleted.”

“Today, both employers and employees are in a very difficult situation. The problem has become exogenous, added Degiye.

For Degiye, restoring peace and stability must come before talking about inflation.

“We cannot talk about welfare under the existing situations. Still, hunger is better than death. The better-off society in Ethiopia is now worse off. The formerly poor population segment is now poorer,” Degiye says.

If peace and stability are ensured, “it would be easier to formulate solutions step by step. Even foreign aid could have been mobilized. But today, we are not there. Today, everything in the country is directed towards conflict and war. Unless there is peace, you cannot find and support the vulnerable poor,” he explained.